Ovarian cysts are very common. Each month during the fertile years, a small cyst grows in the ovaries, reaching about 2.5 cm in size and ruptures in the middle of the cycle to release a follicle. Sometimes, instead of rupturing, the cyst can grow and cause noticeable swelling and pain. These “functional cysts” are the most common type of ovarian cysts. In addition to functional cysts, the ovaries may also contain other benign cysts, which can occur before or after menopause. Large benign cysts that cause symptoms may need to be removed. Many small benign cysts can be detected incidentally on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans performed for various non-gynecological issues. Cancerous cysts are extremely rare, but they can cause serious health problems and should be removed as soon as they are identified. Understanding the nature of an ovarian cyst is important for planning the appropriate treatment. Benign cysts that do not cause symptoms may not require treatment, while those that cause pain may be removed laparoscopically. Cancerous cysts may require open surgery.

The ability of an ultrasound examination to distinguish between different types of ovarian cysts depends largely on the skills and experience of the examiner. Our Centre is at the forefront of developments in identifying ovarian cancer and can distinguish benign from malignant ovarian cysts in most cases by conducting a systematic and detailed analysis of ovarian morphology. Our approach to identifying ovarian cysts does not require blood tests to measure cancer markers. This way, delays are avoided, and the overall cost of screening is reduced considerably.

Some women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer are at increased risk of developing cancer. We offer them regular checkups to ensure their ovaries are normal. Women who have had ovarian or breast cancer in the past and are at increased risk of developing cancer again are also welcome at our Centre.